Accidents can happen when you least expect them, and knowing how to stabilize an injury until professional medical care is available can help prevent further damage and make someone more comfortable while waiting for help.
Sprains and fractures are among the most common injuries that can occur during outdoor activities. Uneven terrain, slippery rocks, and falls can all cause injuries that limit mobility and make it difficult to leave the area safely.
If you suspect someone has suffered a sprain or fracture, it's important to avoid moving the injured limb unnecessarily. Stabilizing the injured area with an improvised splint can help reduce pain and prevent further injury while you make your way to medical care or wait for emergency responders.
How to Improvise a Splint
Before applying a splint, assess the injury. Check for sensation and movement below the injured area by asking the person to feel your touch and gently move their limb below the injury, if it's comfortable, and check circulation. This can help identify changes to monitor after the splint is applied.
Next, find a rigid object long enough to restrict the movement of the injured area from the joint above to the joint below, if possible. A sturdy stick or branch often works well when you're outdoors.
Pad the splint where the limb will rest with soft materials such as extra clothing, towels, or a sleeping pad. Carefully place the padded splint alongside the injured limb and secure it using bandages or strips of clothing. Tie the splint snugly above and below the injury to keep it in place, but avoid wrapping it too tightly as it could restrict circulation.
Once the splint has been secured, check sensation, movement, and circulation again to ensure the bandages are not too tight.
After the Splint Is Applied
An improvised splint is only intended to stabilize the injury until professional medical care is available. Avoid putting weight on the injured limb whenever possible and seek medical attention as soon as you can.
If you're in a remote area and unable to leave safely, call for emergency assistance or use an emergency communication device if one is available.
Continue to monitor the person's condition while waiting for help. If they experience increasing pain, numbness, swelling, or loss of sensation below the injury, reassess your splint and loosen as necessary. Seek emergency care as quickly as possible.
Be Prepared Before You Hit the Trail
Whether you're planning a short-day hike or a weekend camping trip, preparation can make all the difference in an emergency. Pack a well-stocked first aid kit, tell someone where you're going, and consider bringing an emergency kit if you're heading into remote areas or staying overnight.
Consider registering for a St. John Ambulance first aid course to gain the knowledge and hands-on skills needed to respond to emergencies wherever your adventures take you. A little preparation before you head outdoors can help keep you, your family, and your friends safer all summer long.